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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tortem | om torto |
| 2SG: | tortet | ot torto |
| 3SG: | torta | ok/ogeš torto |
| 1PL: | tortena | ona/ogə̑na torto |
| 2PL: | torteda | oda/ogə̑da torto |
| 3PL: | tortat | ogə̑t torto |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tortə̑šə̑m | šə̑m torto |
| 2SG: | tortə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ torto |
| 3SG: | tortə̑š | ə̑š torto |
| 1PL: | tortə̑šna | ə̑šna torto |
| 2PL: | tortə̑šda | ə̑šda torto |
| 3PL: | tortə̑št | ə̑št torto |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tortenam | torten omə̑l |
| 2SG: | tortenat | torten otə̑l |
| 3SG: | torten | torten ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | tortenna | torten onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | tortenda | torten odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | tortenə̑t | torten ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tortem ə̑l'e | om torto ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tortet ə̑l'e | ot torto ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | torta ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš torto ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tortena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na torto ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | torteda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da torto ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tortat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t torto ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tortem ulmaš | om torto ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tortet ulmaš | ot torto ulmaš |
| 3SG: | torta ulmaš | ok/ogeš torto ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tortena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na torto ulmaš |
| 2PL: | torteda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da torto ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tortat ulmaš | ogə̑t torto ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tortenam ə̑l'e | torten omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tortenat ə̑l'e | torten otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | torten ə̑l'e | torten ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tortenna ə̑l'e | torten onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tortenda ə̑l'e | torten odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | torten ə̑l'e | torten ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tortenam ulmaš | torten omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tortenat ulmaš | torten otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | torten ulmaš | torten ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tortenna ulmaš | torten onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tortenda ulmaš | torten odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | torten ulmaš | torten ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | torto | it torto |
| 3SG: | tortə̑žo | ə̑nže torto |
| 1PL: | (tortena) | (ona/ogə̑na torto) |
| 2PL: | tortə̑za | ida torto |
| 3PL: | tortə̑št | ə̑nə̑št torto |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tortə̑nem | ə̑nem torto |
| 2SG: | tortə̑net | ə̑net torto |
| 3SG: | tortə̑neže | ə̑než torto |
| 1PL: | tortə̑nena | ə̑nena torto |
| 2PL: | tortə̑neda | ə̑neda torto |
| 3PL: | tortə̑nešt | ə̑nešt torto |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tortə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem torto ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tortə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net torto ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tortə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než torto ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tortə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena torto ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tortə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda torto ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tortə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt torto ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tortə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net torto ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tortə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než torto ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | tortə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda torto ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tortə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt torto ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | tortaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | tortə̑man |
| Active participle: | tortə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | tortə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | tortə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | tortə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | torten |
| Negative gerund: | tortə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | tortə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | tortə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | tortə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | tortə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | tortə̑də̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||